ice cores
Introduction
Ice Cores are a palioclimatologists record of the past, they are made up of snow compacted over years. Ice Cores are time lines of the chemical composition of snow hundreds of years back (Riebeck). ice cores allow researchers to create a record of greenhouse gasses, and climate change for over one hundred thousand years into the past (Wais Divide).
Creation of ice cores
Ice core themselves are samples of snow that has been compacted into ice, Ice Core samples are blue due to the compacting that has occurred (Riebeck). the layers of compressed snow show annual bands that differentiate between winter and summer, the layers are chemically and texturally different (Riebeck). the difference between winter and suimmer snow is that the summer snow in antarctica has the sun shining on it 24 hours a day. In winter it is dark 24 hours a day (Riebeck). the textures are different because the sun causes the snow to melt together slightly more than winter snow (Riebeck).
anatomy of an Ice Core sample
ice core samples can be up to 2 miles long depending on sample size. near the top is the youngest snow called firn, this is about 53 meters deep into the sample (Riebeck). deeper snow is compacted further, its about 1,800 meters deep. the bottom of the core is about 3,000 meters deep, its filled with sand, silt and rock that discolor the ice (Riebeck).
History
in order unlock the secrets locked within the ice scientists began to drill in the ice in the 1960's. the grisp2 project started in the 1960's and didn't end until the early 1990's (Riebeck). took a core sample that was 2 miles long and held a record for the past 110,000 years, other ice core samples have brought back information that goes back 750,000 years (Riebeck). ice core usually come from the polar ice caps, but some have come from mountain regions. regions such as Mt. Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, the Andes Mountains in Peru, and the Himalayas in Asia (Riebeck).
works cited
West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) Ice Core http://www.waisdivide.unh.edu/
Riebeek, Holli design by Robert Simmon December 19, 2005 "Paleoclimatology Frozen in Time: the Ice Core Record" http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Features/Paleoclimatology_IceCores/
"Ice Cores That Tell the Past" http://www.gisp2.sr.unh.edu/MoreInfo/Ice_Cores_Past.html
America's investment in the future Science on the edge: arctic and antarctic discoveries "Ice
Cores Hold Earth's Climate" http://www.nsf.gov/about/history/nsf0050/arctic/climate.htm
Wednesday, February 25, 2009
Sunday, February 22, 2009
project 2
For the subject matter of this paper i picked animal psychology, the three papers that i read are: How animal psychology contributes to animal welfare by Shigeru Watanabe, The role of animal psychology in evolutionary biology by Peter Hammerstein, and Evidence for a Hierarchical Structure Underlying Avoidance Behavior by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer.
the first one by Shigeru Watanabe is about animal psychology and its uses in animal welfare. it explores the idea that animal welfare is by extension human welfare in dealing with human embryos, for instance, and animals. like humans psychological well-being in necessary for animal welfare.
animal psychology is based on darwin's theory of evolution, from animal psychology is a subject known as anthropomorphism,a linear grouping of mental thinking. first all animals have "simple idea," higher thinking animals have the associational "complex idea," and only humans have "notional idea". however all these are observances, because we cannot know the minds of others, the basis of the observations is made when we witness behavior they express. this is called expression psychology. an example would be of a horse called hanz who could count, it was found through experimentation that he was not actually counting but relying upon the expression of the audience for when to stop counting.
the second article by peter hammerstien is about how closely linked animal psychology and evolutionary psychology is. an understanding of animal behavior is needed to understand why animals react they way they do in any given environment, from house cats to wild cats. animal psychology helps us as in humans, figure out what an animal will most likely act.
animal psychology seems to adapt itself to protect the animal from their own errors, such as how ants have a powerful navigational system. we cannot understand why an animal behaves the way it does unless if we understand its information procession. evolutionary biologists realized when reviewing the theories of animal psychology that simply explaining why an animal behaves the way it does not explain how it evolved. animal psychology gives explanation to why male lions exact infanticide in their own prides.
the third article by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer is about avoidance behavioral learning. in witch in order to avoid a negative outcome the subject performs an action. such as receiving an electric shock. this is called negative reinforcement, the opposite is positive reinforcement in witch a subject performs an action for a reward. in particular this paper is about hierarchical arrangement of behavior depending on the stimulus.
for animals who have a complex thought process, they can be taught using avoidance learning. the writers of this article found that animals have a hierarchical avoidance lea ring structure, they would give that subject choices between positive reinforce rs and found consistently that the subject would respond to the prefer ed stimulus more than the undervalued stimulus.
WORKS CITED
Watanabe, Shigeru, "How animal psychology contributes to animal welfare" http://library.umd.umich.edu/
Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer, "Evidence for a Hierarchical Structure Underlying Avoidance Behavior"http://library.umd.umich.edu/
hammerstien, peter, "the role of animal psychology in evolutionary biology"http://library.umd.umich.edu/
the first one by Shigeru Watanabe is about animal psychology and its uses in animal welfare. it explores the idea that animal welfare is by extension human welfare in dealing with human embryos, for instance, and animals. like humans psychological well-being in necessary for animal welfare.
animal psychology is based on darwin's theory of evolution, from animal psychology is a subject known as anthropomorphism,a linear grouping of mental thinking. first all animals have "simple idea," higher thinking animals have the associational "complex idea," and only humans have "notional idea". however all these are observances, because we cannot know the minds of others, the basis of the observations is made when we witness behavior they express. this is called expression psychology. an example would be of a horse called hanz who could count, it was found through experimentation that he was not actually counting but relying upon the expression of the audience for when to stop counting.
the second article by peter hammerstien is about how closely linked animal psychology and evolutionary psychology is. an understanding of animal behavior is needed to understand why animals react they way they do in any given environment, from house cats to wild cats. animal psychology helps us as in humans, figure out what an animal will most likely act.
animal psychology seems to adapt itself to protect the animal from their own errors, such as how ants have a powerful navigational system. we cannot understand why an animal behaves the way it does unless if we understand its information procession. evolutionary biologists realized when reviewing the theories of animal psychology that simply explaining why an animal behaves the way it does not explain how it evolved. animal psychology gives explanation to why male lions exact infanticide in their own prides.
the third article by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer is about avoidance behavioral learning. in witch in order to avoid a negative outcome the subject performs an action. such as receiving an electric shock. this is called negative reinforcement, the opposite is positive reinforcement in witch a subject performs an action for a reward. in particular this paper is about hierarchical arrangement of behavior depending on the stimulus.
for animals who have a complex thought process, they can be taught using avoidance learning. the writers of this article found that animals have a hierarchical avoidance lea ring structure, they would give that subject choices between positive reinforce rs and found consistently that the subject would respond to the prefer ed stimulus more than the undervalued stimulus.
WORKS CITED
Watanabe, Shigeru, "How animal psychology contributes to animal welfare" http://library.umd.umich.edu/
Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer, "Evidence for a Hierarchical Structure Underlying Avoidance Behavior"http://library.umd.umich.edu/
hammerstien, peter, "the role of animal psychology in evolutionary biology"http://library.umd.umich.edu/
Tuesday, February 17, 2009
draft of project II
For the subject matter of this paper i picked animal psychology, the three papers that i read are: How animal psychology contributes to animal welfare by Shigeru Watanabe, The role of animal psychology in evolutionary biology by Peter Hammerstein, and Evidence for a Hierarchical Structure Underlying Avoidance Behavior by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer.
the first one by Shigeru Watanabe is about animal psychology and its uses in animal welfare. it explores the idea that animal welfare is by extension human welfare in dealing with human embryos, for instance, and animals. like humans psychological well-being in necessary for animal welfare
the second article by peter hammerstien is about how closely linked animal psychology and evolutionary psychology is. an understanding of animal behavior is needed to understand why animals react they way they do in any given environment, from house cats to wild cats. animal psychology helps us as in humans, figure out what an animal will most likely act.
the third article by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer is about avoidance behavioral learning. in witch in order to avoid a negative outcome the subject performs an action. such as receiving an electric shock. this is called negative reinforcement, the opposite is positive reinforcement in witch a subject performs an action for a reward. in particular this paper is about hierarchical arrangement of behavior depending on the stimulus.
the first one by Shigeru Watanabe is about animal psychology and its uses in animal welfare. it explores the idea that animal welfare is by extension human welfare in dealing with human embryos, for instance, and animals. like humans psychological well-being in necessary for animal welfare
the second article by peter hammerstien is about how closely linked animal psychology and evolutionary psychology is. an understanding of animal behavior is needed to understand why animals react they way they do in any given environment, from house cats to wild cats. animal psychology helps us as in humans, figure out what an animal will most likely act.
the third article by Mieke Declercq and Jan De Houwer is about avoidance behavioral learning. in witch in order to avoid a negative outcome the subject performs an action. such as receiving an electric shock. this is called negative reinforcement, the opposite is positive reinforcement in witch a subject performs an action for a reward. in particular this paper is about hierarchical arrangement of behavior depending on the stimulus.
Thursday, February 12, 2009
Thursday, January 29, 2009
Post project reflection
For my project I went to my karate school in Riverview and took some pictures, as well as took some old ones out of my folder. I did not need to do much research because I’ve been apart of karate for over 6 years. I received my black belt in 2007, for witch you need to train at least 5 years for. The reason I believe that karate in would be good in anyone’s life is because of what it did to me, I was a C student and after I joined karate I got all A’s and B’s. Not only that but I became more confident in myself, I found it easier to focus on school work as well.
Slide 2: back round
The history of tang soo do karate goes back to WW II when Korean farmers had to defend themselves with what they had against Japanese invading forces. Many of their weapons like the Coma and the Nunchuku were originally farmer’s tools. I know all of this because I was tested on it during my black belt exam. I think its important to know the back round of what your getting into, no matter what it is. Back round info lets you understand how things have changed over the years.
Slide 3: students
This slide was meant to show what someone could learn if they were to become a student, it also shows the diversity between ages. The two in the picture are friends of mine; they are practicing self defense moves like the other students. As another example of the age difference, my aunt who is close to 50 years old is a second degree black belt. A rank above me, though now she focuses more on teaching than learning. I wanted to take a good picture where you would be able to see the age difference between the subjects as well as showing the rest of the students as much as possible.
Slide 4: classes
Here I wanted to describe how one can go about using a karate school if you’re not a student. I listed the classes that are open to non-students; I have helped teach several women’s self defense classes, i recommend it for anyone who would like to learn a few basic self defense moves. Usually classes cost between thirty and fifty dollars for the entire course, witch is from three to six months.
Slide 5: classes
A continuation of the last slide although here I elaborate on the classes a bit more, cardio kickboxing class is free to current students at the school. I have done this class several times. It is good for anyone that wants to exercise, loose weight, or blow off steam. The class is usually on after six pm and is on several days a week.
Women’s self defense course is offered to any woman who wants to feel safe. They teach self defense moves as well as preventative measures in how to deal with a possible attacker. A student volunteer will dress in padded clothing, and you are given the chance to use your defensive measures against him.
Little ninja’s is a class for 7 years and under, where kids learn karate and self discipline
For my project I went to my karate school in Riverview and took some pictures, as well as took some old ones out of my folder. I did not need to do much research because I’ve been apart of karate for over 6 years. I received my black belt in 2007, for witch you need to train at least 5 years for. The reason I believe that karate in would be good in anyone’s life is because of what it did to me, I was a C student and after I joined karate I got all A’s and B’s. Not only that but I became more confident in myself, I found it easier to focus on school work as well.
Slide 2: back round
The history of tang soo do karate goes back to WW II when Korean farmers had to defend themselves with what they had against Japanese invading forces. Many of their weapons like the Coma and the Nunchuku were originally farmer’s tools. I know all of this because I was tested on it during my black belt exam. I think its important to know the back round of what your getting into, no matter what it is. Back round info lets you understand how things have changed over the years.
Slide 3: students
This slide was meant to show what someone could learn if they were to become a student, it also shows the diversity between ages. The two in the picture are friends of mine; they are practicing self defense moves like the other students. As another example of the age difference, my aunt who is close to 50 years old is a second degree black belt. A rank above me, though now she focuses more on teaching than learning. I wanted to take a good picture where you would be able to see the age difference between the subjects as well as showing the rest of the students as much as possible.
Slide 4: classes
Here I wanted to describe how one can go about using a karate school if you’re not a student. I listed the classes that are open to non-students; I have helped teach several women’s self defense classes, i recommend it for anyone who would like to learn a few basic self defense moves. Usually classes cost between thirty and fifty dollars for the entire course, witch is from three to six months.
Slide 5: classes
A continuation of the last slide although here I elaborate on the classes a bit more, cardio kickboxing class is free to current students at the school. I have done this class several times. It is good for anyone that wants to exercise, loose weight, or blow off steam. The class is usually on after six pm and is on several days a week.
Women’s self defense course is offered to any woman who wants to feel safe. They teach self defense moves as well as preventative measures in how to deal with a possible attacker. A student volunteer will dress in padded clothing, and you are given the chance to use your defensive measures against him.
Little ninja’s is a class for 7 years and under, where kids learn karate and self discipline
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
I Advocate Karate
I chose to write about karate for this project because it’s very important to me, karate helps me concentrate and focus on my assignments. I also have experience with the subject matter and I find it easy to explain. I currently am a black belt although for medical reasons right now I am not in any karate classes. But in May I hope to return to help teach.
I hope to convince people to think about taking up a karate class. Classes include but are not limited to: self defense, cardio kickboxing, or Little Ninjas. Self defense would of course be a class that teaches only self defense moves, cardio is a class that focuses on exercise, little ninjas are classes designed for kids that teach discipline. All of these are classes that anyone who has no experience with karate can join, you are not expected to test or move up levels, simply to learn while enjoying yourself. I’m not advocating that everyone join karate classes because they aren’t for everyone, what I’m advocating is to join a class that’s right for you.
I hope to share this interesting world with you in hopes that you may, if time allows, walk into a school and join a class. The classes I described above are not classes that are limited to karate students because they require no previous knowledge of karate. Self defense I especially recommend for anyone with no knowledge. I helped teach a class where the students were middle-aged and could not be expected to run or punch or kick.
I chose to write about karate for this project because it’s very important to me, karate helps me concentrate and focus on my assignments. I also have experience with the subject matter and I find it easy to explain. I currently am a black belt although for medical reasons right now I am not in any karate classes. But in May I hope to return to help teach.
I hope to convince people to think about taking up a karate class. Classes include but are not limited to: self defense, cardio kickboxing, or Little Ninjas. Self defense would of course be a class that teaches only self defense moves, cardio is a class that focuses on exercise, little ninjas are classes designed for kids that teach discipline. All of these are classes that anyone who has no experience with karate can join, you are not expected to test or move up levels, simply to learn while enjoying yourself. I’m not advocating that everyone join karate classes because they aren’t for everyone, what I’m advocating is to join a class that’s right for you.
I hope to share this interesting world with you in hopes that you may, if time allows, walk into a school and join a class. The classes I described above are not classes that are limited to karate students because they require no previous knowledge of karate. Self defense I especially recommend for anyone with no knowledge. I helped teach a class where the students were middle-aged and could not be expected to run or punch or kick.
Monday, January 19, 2009
Screen shot
A screen shot of me at work, as you can tell music right now as I am typing this. Music helps me concentrate on my work, it might be distracting for someone else but I find silence more distracting than music. Composing something on the internet is much different than composing something in school or at work, mostly because of anonymity of the internet, and the upload speed.
A screen shot of me at work, as you can tell music right now as I am typing this. Music helps me concentrate on my work, it might be distracting for someone else but I find silence more distracting than music. Composing something on the internet is much different than composing something in school or at work, mostly because of anonymity of the internet, and the upload speed.
On the internet people are faceless, words on a thread, unless if they supply a picture. The lack of face to face interaction does not scare me, because behind the blogs of anonymity you can say what you really feel with no one to bash your ideas except through another thread. The anonymity of the internet supplies free speech to all (if you know how to use it).
Upload speed in this case refers to the speed at which information is communicated. You can upload a video to YouTube and have millions of people watch it, or blog about politics, or turn in homework minuets before the deadline (hopefully not though). Information travels from one side of the world to the other in a matter of seconds, this cannot be accomplished with a phone (unless it has internet access) because some information is in the form of pictures or videos, or animations or power points.
The composing processes on the digital medium operate under 2 main conditions anonymity, and speed. The animation world is especially competitive; with whoever uploads it first gets first dips on the views. Anonymity refers to the ideal of free speech with out anyone barring your access to the world. Speed refers to the transference of digital information.
The composing processes on the digital medium operate under 2 main conditions anonymity, and speed. The animation world is especially competitive; with whoever uploads it first gets first dips on the views. Anonymity refers to the ideal of free speech with out anyone barring your access to the world. Speed refers to the transference of digital information.
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